Clutch construction



W. T. DUNN CLUTCH CONSTRUCTION Magch 24, 1953 Filed Oct. 29, 1947 2SHEETS-SHEET l March 24, 1953 w, T, DUNN 2,632,541

CLUTCH CONSTRUCTION Filed oct. 29, 194'? 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2 INVENTOR.

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Patented Mar. 24, 1953 v CLUTCH CONSTRUCTION William T. Dunn, Detroit,Mich., assignor to Chrysler Corporation, Highland Park, Mich., acorporation of Delaware Application October 29, 1947, Serial No. 782,785

9 Claims.

1 This invention relates to power transmission, and particularly toimprovements in clutches for semi-automatic transmissions of themanually selective type which provide, for instance,

automobiles.

direct drive high speed.

automatic speed changes.

be automatically shifted into high speed direct three forward speeds anda reverse speed. 5 drives.

One of the disadvantages of transmissions of Another object of thepresent invention is to the aforesaid .type is the requirement fordeprovide an improved, inexpensive transmission clutching and makingseveral selective gear of a simplied design whichincludes threetwochanges in order to get into the cruising speed way forward drives aswell as a one-Way starting ratio drive from a starting gear ratio drive.To second speed drive Which automatically shifts, overcome thisdisadvantage, automatic shifting under driver control, into a direct,two-way, high has been provided in some automatic type transspeed orcruising drive. missions .but such has been limited to the higher Afurther object of this invention is to pro- Y price lines due totransmissions of this type revide an improved, inexpensive, three speedsforquiring expensive mechanical and electrical conward and reversetransmissionV having a novel trols in order to accomplish the automaticclutch control comprising a centrifugal force changes in speed ratiodrive. The present inoperated clutch and a jaw clutch arranged forvention contemplates a simplified, low cost, meselective interconnectionwith a shift sleeve struc# chanical arrangement, free of complicatedconture in which the shift from an automatic sectrols, for theaccomplishment of automatic speed ond starting speed to a positive,two-way drive ratio changes, such an arrangement being parsecond speedis accomplished by moving the ticularly adaptable for the relatively lowpriced shift sleeve through only a single set of gear In its broadaspect the invention teeth. incorporates in a manually selectivetransmission These and other objects and advantages of my a centrifugalforce controlled clutch in combiinvention will become apparent from thefollownation with an overrunning clutch, these eleing description whentaken in conjunction with ments being arranged so that automatic changesthe accompanying drawings wherein: in speed ratio drive between astarting gear ratio Fig. 1 isa diagrammatic showing of the power and acruising direct drive ratio may be readily plant and drive mechanism ofa vehicle incoraccomplished. When my novel construction is .m poratingthe present invention; used in kcombination with a fluid coupling it isFig. 2 is a sectional elevational view through possible, under ordinaryconditions of forward the speed ratio changing transmission of myindrive, to merely manually shift from a neutral vention, the gearingbeing shown in neutral poposition to a starting gear ratio andthereafter sition; de-clutching is unnecessary as the upshifts and Fig.3 is a detailed enlarged view of the autodownshifts, to accomplish therequired changes matic second speed-direct drive speed selector in speedratio drive, take place'r automatically. mechanism of my invention, theshift sleeve bey An object of the present invention is to provide ingshown in freewheel second speed position an improved, inexpensivetransmission incorwith the centrifugal clutch engaged to establishporating a driver controlled, automatic, mechan- 40 direct drive; icalupshift between a starting second speed and Fig. 4 is a sectional viewtaken along line 4 4 of Fig 2 showing the centrifugal pawl mecha-Another object of this invention is to provide a nism with the pawlsengaged; novel clutch construction for synchronously con- Fig. 5 is asectional view taken along line 5,-5 necting a pair of driving anddriven shafts for of Fig. 2 showing the free wheel clutch mechathetransmission of different speed ratio drives. nism; and

A further object is to provide a transmission Fig. 6 is a fragmentarysectional view taken of the aforesaid type including a two-way drivealong line 6-6 of Fig. 3. in each speed ratio in addition to thefreewheel Referring now to the drawings wherein similar second speed`ratio provided to accomplish the reference characters are used todesignate corresponding parts of the structure in the several Anadditional object is to provide .an improved, views, Fig. 1 illustratesa typical diagrammatic simplified transmissionV having a one-Wayfreearrangement of a transmission mechanism in a Wheel, starting secondspeed drive, adapted to vehicle embodying the present invention. Thevehicle engine A is coupled to the driving Wheels I of the vehiclethrough a fluid power transmitting and clutch unit B and a changespeeding gearing C, shown in detail in Figs. 2-6 inclusive, andcomprising a three speed forward and reverse transmission having anautomatically operative direct drive ratio. As seen in Fig. 1, thetransmission output or driven shaft I2 of the unit C is connected bymeans of l theV usual pro-` peller shaft I4 with the customary'differential gear box I6 which in turn drives the axle shafts I8.

As best seen in Fig. 2, I preferably arrange for transmitting drive fromthe engine vAfto the transmission C through clutch means B comprising auid coupling D of the'kinetic`type operat-V ing in conjunction with amanually'Y relea'sable friction clutch E of conventional design which isprimarily employed to facilitatema'nual. shift 'in the transmission C'.Due to the use of al fluid coupling it is possible tos-,start from anyselectedV gear ratio and accordingly, for ordinaryforward drive,`starting in 'either' of the second speed gearsis`-most advantageous.

:The engine crankshaft' 2Q drivesfthe coupling lpeller'22 andthe'rotation of the impellerl22 causesfluid to circulate in the vanedpassages of the "'iiuid coupling `D Sofas Vto Vdrive thelvan'edr'unner`2'4 in the vcustomary manner of` operation for `fluid couplingsofthe type illustrated.' The runner 215'k drives the clutch member 26 ofthe frictionclutch VDriven clutch member '28 is fixed-tovintermeoliateshaft 3U and vis normally held in driving engagement withmember 26. Member '2 8 isf drivingly Vdisengaged from drivingmeinberbydepressing a clutch -pedal (not shown) whichV slides throw-outYsleeve 32 forwardly to operate leversd so'as toY unload driving pressureplate35. 'Springs 38'load this plate Quand cause engagement of'theclutch `Ewhen th`e`clutch 'pedal isreleased. a

' "Shaft 30 extends' "rearwardly `into the lhousing brcasingd oftransmission C (Fig. 2) vwhere itis rotatably 'supportedby a ballbearing. The rearwardly extending end of shaft Sii is formed withamaindrive pinion ld. Also formedon the rearend' ofthe shaft -3-6 is'anenlargement V`ll- 'constituting the pawl'carrierof the centrifugalclutch F more "clearly"illustrated inFig. i4 and subsequentlydescribed'in detail. YThe drive pinion/i is'hollow andV journals,`by`abearing unit 46 (seerFig. 2), the forward endof=thetransmis 'sion'driven ishaft' I2,` the rear end'of shaft'I -b'eingijournaled inbearing'unitl lShaft I2 may" also carry at its rear enda propeller-shaft brakedrum 48, having braking mechanism (not shown)v associated therewith.

`'The'drive pinion lll continuously meshes with a igean for driving thecountershaft Vgear cluster *52. Cluster 52'is`rotatably mounted ona'countershaftll which is supported 'at 'its end portions inA the casingdi). The cluster' 52 'includesa second orintermediate speed 'pinion 56,a"'r`st' or low 'speed pinion 5S and a reverse plrronsu. l 1 Y i.. i'Thej 'second speed pinion 5G constantlymeshes with'an intermediate orsecond'spe'edlgear 62 journaled for rotation on the hub portion'BI of'the'shell'inember of 'centrifugalpawl clutch F. Centrifugal clutchshell member 8E! 'is 'rotatably mounted on driven shaft I2. The secondspeed'gear 62 is `substantially cup-shaped andhas a' earwardlyAextending peripheral flange or side wallportion 63. Y

verruiming Or'freeW'heel clutch, lgenerally designated by-the letterf G(Figs.`3 fand 5) is arranged rintermediate the flange. portionl 63'. ofYthe gear member 62 and the hub portion 8| of the centrifugal clutchpawl shell 80. Clutch G provides a direct one-way driving connectionbetween the gear 62 and the hub 8| of the shell member Sil of the pawlclutch F, being adapted to drivingly lock the gear 62 and the hub 8|togetherupon tendency of the gear 62 to rotate faster than the hub 8i ina :forward direction while permitting overrun ofthe hub 8`I relative tothe gear e2. The clutch G is of the conventional overrunning type and isprovided with rollers 94 and a cage'or carrier 96 having tabs 91receivable into slots 93 in the rear portion of the shell hub 8l so asto establish a permanent, one-way driving connection between the gear 62and the pawl shell 8U. The'hub portion 8i is provided with cam faces 99formingthe inner race of the overrunning clutch device G and a portionof the peripheral flange -63 of gear 62 forms an outer shell lili? so asto surround the rollers 94 and provide a-smooth runwaytherefor. VAtorsion spring |62 lbiases the vrollersfl` in the direction-of -thearrow IM, see F'igq, into overrunning `'clutch lock-up position andlock-up occurs whenever the gear 62 tends to rotate forwardly, in thedirection of the arrow*IOQfaSter-than the shell 8B; f

The rear'endportionof hub Si 'of `sl1el1-8Il-is providedwith teeth t3 aswell as a cone-shaped supporting Ysurface P on which -is-rotatablymounted aY conventional VVsynchronizing fand blocker'element or ringl2.Ring 72 is connected to shaft hub PTIv byrmeans -of conventionalclockingV lug -and slot connections which vpermitfa limited rotationalor relative oscillatory 'movement between the lhubland ytheringfI-2.Ring 72 carries lug elements-45H adapted-to be positioned inslots'I52-formedin the hub 87. kThis lugand slot connection betweenring`1l2-and lhub 87 issuch as to positionthe1blocker teeth A"Ill of theAring l2in blockingrelationship tothe teethvil of the sleeve 68lwhenvthe latter-rotatably lead or lag the shell teeth: 83. lThe teeth83and I'I are pointed on their rear ends', asare the forwardv ends of isleeve teethlg, engageabletherewith, `to facilitate `thetbloxzkingandfsynchronizing action between the elements-S8 and 8B! and tofacilitate-shift of sleeve'. Preferablythe teeth "511.83 and 9) arefequally angled at' each side. H y f1 Hub member 8? lis splinedlto theshaft-IZatPBZ and the shift sleeve 68- is slidablylmounted on the shafthub member 8l. The hub-"-S'Lh'asexternal splines or teeth.' 84stereceive =the `mating internal-teethfS of -the shift: sleeve S5 8f,lthisl construction permitting axial movement Aof the sleeve{5S-relative to shaftgi. `Theteeth Sli) ofsleeve 68 are preferablyof theYsame formas'L-theblocker teethfli `and the teethV 83 on the "hub-8I fofpawl shelliand are axially` inline therewith. The clutch sleeve is also`provided-with external teeth Iwhichteeth are adaptedto be engaged withthe internal teeth-66 on'the rear VV'end'of ange portionfGS of Ygeariflwhen sleeve' is shifted rearwardly; `Engagement of sleeve teeth |06withtheange'teeth"66 on gear-'62 provides'a two-way, intermediateforsecondfspeed drive through gear 521130 shaft I2. The portionfof theinternal surface ofthe gear-'flange jforward of the teeth 56, is formedwith a-cone-shape'dsupporti'n'gsurface Q adapted `to receivea-synchronizing and blocker ring 9 I-"having blocker teeth93. Blockerring S I4 has inwardly projecting clocking lugsv or-.pins I53 adapted toproject'intoclocking slots Iiformedgin-theLshift-sleeve (-see Figs.f3and). 'll'iepin and slot;.ccnnectionsibetween Y and the second speedgear teeth.

sleeve member 68 and blocker member '9| permit Y limited relativerotation between these members `and facilitate the` blocking andsynchronizing action when it is necessary to engage sleeve teeth |06ywith gear teeth 66. `'lhe rearward ends of theexternal Sleeve teeth |05.are pointed in a manner similar to the forward end-s of internal'sleeve teeth Sii and the forward ends of teeth 93 `thereby establish afreewheeling intermediate or second speed drive ratio between the inputshaft 30 Aand the driven shaft I2 through the means consisting ofelements 30,- 44, 50, 5B, 62, G, `8|, 83, 90, 84, 81 and I2.

j The sleeve 68 is also adapted for rearward shift from the neutralposition, shown Fig. 2, to a two-way drive second or intermediate speedposition so as to engage the sleeve teeth |06 with the internal teeth 66on the flange 63 of gear'Z to thereby establish a non-freewheelingtwo-way intermediate speed drive through the means consisting ofelements 30, 44, 5t, 56, 62, 66, |05, 68, 90, 84, 81 and I2. Whenestablished in this two-way, non-freewheeling second speed, sleeve teeth90 are disengaged from the pawl `shell hub teeth 83 and this preventsdrive by o the gear 62 through the freewheel device G.

'inthe neutral position of the sleeve 68, see Fig. 2,. the sleeve teeth90 and |06 are disengaged from both the pawl shell jhub teeth 83 Inshiftingfrom neutral to either of the intermediate or ,second speedstarting gear ratios -it is merely necessary to move the shift sleeve 68either forwardly or rearwardly to engage` the teeth on sleeve r6B witheither the hub teeth 83 or the gear teeth 66 respectively. If the sleevevG53 is engaged in either the freewheeling second speed or ther two-waydrive second speed, it is a simple "matter to shift to the other secondspeed gear for rit Vmerely requires disengagement of the sleeve teeththrough which the drive is being transmitted* and engagement of a set ofsleeve teeth with teeth on another element. To accomplish this change itis merely necessary to vrotated. forwardly at substantially the samespeed therefore shift of the sleeve 68 to vengage the `teeth on eitherof these directly connected members is' greatly facilitated. i

The sleeve B8 is' adapted to be shifted into the -various positions by ashift. yoke and rail mechaynisrninot shown) under control of the driver,suitable stops or detents being provided to prop-V erly locate thesleeve.

- lRearwardly ofthe sleeve '68 the lshaft I2 is l provided with a spiralvspirited portion .10a on which is slidable a combination low or firstspeed and-reverse gear ||0, this member being shown in its neutralposition in Fig. 2. This gear IIO may be shifted forwardly or rearwardlyof its neutral position by suitable yoke and rail mechanism (not shown)under driver control. When shifted forwardly the gear ||0V becomesengaged with the low speed or first speed pinion 58 `to lestablish thelow'or first speed drive ratio between the shafts 30 and |2,the drivetransmission being through elements 30, 44, 50, 58, |I0, |08, and I2.When shifted rearwardly the gear IIB becomes engaged with an idler gear|I2that is constantly in mesh with the reverse pinion gear 60, thusestablishing reverse drive between the shafts 30 and I2. It will beunderstood that when shifting the gear ||0 the shift sleeve B0 is inneutral position.

Referring now to the elements of the clutch F which, by preference, isof the centrifugal pawl type, a form of which is best seen in Fig. 4.This clutch F comprises the pawl carrier 45 which is provided with pawlguides ||4, ||5 having arcuate faces I I6 fitting within the overhangingshell portion ||8 of the clutch shell member 80. Slidably secured to theportions |I4, I|5 are a pair of radially movable pawls |20 which areadapted for outward movement oppositely 'to one another to engage slots|22 provided inthe overhanging portion I I8 of the clutch shell memberto establish a two-way direct drive between the shafts 30 and I2. Fourpawl receiving slots are provided degrees apart. Each of the pawls |23has a pair of side faces in sliding engagement with side faces` of thepawl guide members ||4, I I5 as clearly shown in Fig. 4. The pawls areoppositely disposed relative 4to one another and the adjacent facesthereof slidably engage one another. In order to normally urge the pawlsinwardly of the pawl cage formed bythe guide members |I4, II5, so as toprevent their engagement with the slots |22 below a predetermined speedof rotation of the pawl carrier 45, control or governor compressionsprings |3| extend through recesses |32 of the guide portions ||5 intorecesses |33 in the pawls |20. Each spring has a bolt |34 insertedthrough it and the threaded end vof each bolt is anchored in a recess|36 provided in each of the pawl guides |I4. Adjustment of the engagingspeed of the pawls |20 may be made eitherl by replacing the springs |3|with new springs of different force Vvalues or by means of adjustment ofthe bolts |34.` Y

IIfhe slots |22 in the pawl shell 80 are arranged so that diametricallyopposite slots will simultaneously register with-the pawls |20 so as tore- .ceive the pawls under the conditions hereinafter described. l

The pawls |20 tend to move outwardly to engage the slots ,|22 afterV thepawl carrier 45 reaches a speed of rotation sufficient to overcome theresistance of the springs I3|. To prevent ratcheting between the pawls|20 and the slots |22, and to-insure alignment of the pawls |20 with thepawl slots |22, when the pawls move outwardly to engage the slots, abalk ring |31 maybe provided. The balk ring is of any conventional type,or similar tothat shown in the'application of Robert W. Wolfe, SerialNo. 780,011, filed October 15,'194'1, wherein thealigning slots in thebalk ring are engaged'by pins '|39 carried by the pawls v|20. When thepawls `move Voutwardly into the slots |22, their :move- 'ment is limitedbyengagementfof theportions .ansa-M1 fleiofthema-wis with:.t-herinnerasurfaces i540. of

vther-iguidenportions Ll Erof the pawl -icarren ein@ describing.the1operation-.of. .this transmis- :sion ;-1etit :.befassurnedfthat theshift sleeve-68 ;andf.the;.lowereverse gear I-I are .both innen- .tralpositionsgthejclutch engaged and theen ginefidling-.at approximately450-R. P-. M. 'Under theseaconditionsthe impeller 22 of the. uid cou-.p1ing,fD will rotate at engine speed. There f will rloegxvery littleslip'in .:theiiuid-.'couplingv Yat this .time f due- .tot theldragfrofithe: coupling seal I 56 between; the-:,impel-ler 22 andY runner 2 4 andthe `light,-lo'auiimposed ,on the,- coupling Agloy. the clutch G3i=:pa.vvlcarriei -4 45 and fcountershat `parts. Hence,thev pau/ 1..carrier Will rotate at 1a `Speed slightly under engine speed=whichisnot suii- .oientiy .highfmo fcause centrifugal force .tofV movegthejfpfwls |:2j ;outwarlly into. the. slots :I 2 21ofthe pawl shellfil:Moreovergthere-will ,berno drive between theggear 432, and-.sleeve 68 fsincethe; in- .ternalgteeth S8 4of-:thegzear 62 are:- disconnected:from-eline qex-ternalisleeve iteeth 'ql S 5 of the, sleeve l68so;that=theggear82 rotates freely about the sleeve 268. .68;areiidisconnected; from Vthe teeth 8 3 on the v, hulogportion z8 loofthea pawl: shel1-0, there: is 4no .drive-transmitted: fromithe gearliii? vthrough the fgreevvheebA clutch QG;- and; hub teeth 83 `to the.sleevegt order f .to obtain *forward movement of the car;n the .ydriver -1,re1eases the clutch 5E vso as to .permit shiftinginto onefofthe two secondspeed :startingggear ratios .or intorlow gear.

Iii-thedriver-desiresito :sta-rt in t-hefautomatic iupshiftingasecondspeed-gear --ratio fhe shifts 'the :clutch sleeve' p68 :forwardly 4tothe position shown; inFFig. during:Whichimovement the sleeveteethjlS:become engaged :With A*the f. teeth f8.3 :of the pawlishellhub "8 if soas'ztozdrivingly; conlnectithe hub f8 I ito 'the sleeve 58. y'Upon com-:gpletion ofthisshiiting'movement' thai-driver Will -engagethe rc-lutch:E tandzdepressthe fuel accel- :erator toiffspeed '-.up "the A vengine sand `the :car will #bei driven zforwardlyffin? theif-reewheeling 'secondrspeedrr'atio referred T`to above, lthrough Vthe gear trainicomprisingshaftS, ipinionM, gear E), Jlpini-on 56,:gearfl2,'v`freewheeling device'Gg 'nub':`8|,'::teeth "83 1an'd'ff; sleeve 8", hubffl; and

-lp'erinits :an: automatioup'shiftto direct drive' un- 'der'drivercontrol. l"f-'Ihe car-Willibe accelerated in thi-s freewheelsecondspeedlratio, vvviththe Avariouselementsf-ioeing' speeded up as theengine speed' isfincreased 1bvffurther"throttle 'opening movement of Y'the accelerator; -Manifest1y, the pawl"carrier "115' will rotate Vat aspee'd corresponding to that yof the fluid coupling runner f'24- yandVatlsorne predetermined 'speed-of these :elementa'for'examplefo to '750Ri` PI M. Y'suhs'tantially fcorrespondingfto a cari'spe'ed'in direct"drivef-oi aboutl3l6 -to"l6'fM.-P.` the cenfftifugal fierce Vof thevpaivv-ls T28 will'- overcome fthefresistancecfthesprings flSi and tendto lf'move ithe ipawl's radi-ally outwardly' loutftheir 'movementi'srrestrainedfhy the balk'ring -"l'3l The'balkifring; 11.31 vvill notpermitfthefpawls rfto inloveV outwardly tunder; these fconditions 'for.the-.pam carrier ill-5 .gi-s rati this time rotating fasterethanytheshelll Iji. f .This condition Wil-1 :.ooritinuesoA Ylong as the runner'Z'iaimposesl torque on ;thefshaft that exceeds f the load-on :the-dri'VCn'J-.Shaft i12. -Whenthedriverwfwishes 'idi- .releasestheiraccelerator :to: decelerate the .enigine'iandzrelievexthe.drivingntorque zt-hroughr-.the engaged .teeth, :.whereupon,I the grunner. -.24 and pawl -carrierff-zwill slow .down `and when 'therotative .speedsmifthe carrierzfand fshell cross .ieachi other, `thatis, .become synchronized, .the `.loal'k rringclfl Willi have alignedthe-pawls V|2l :with-'.thes-lots .122 :so lthat engagement fof the.ypawlsv .and slots :then occurs, the :parts being engaged: asfsh-own finFig. y3. .Upon depression @ofV L'the :accelerator ito :again A.speedVup-:the engine, ...the :transmission ofi '.torquef will :again loeresumed and direct drive will have'lbeen .es- Atablished. Direct driveis ftransmitted Athrough thetrain:comprising -a; shaft; "39, .pawl:carrier v45, -fpawls |120,A --s'hell'l :hub: 8|, teeth {i3-and f90,-sleeve L68, ihulofVr 81 Sandfshaft -I'2. 1`This'is;a twoway drive.Itvv'illloef. understood f that y in making engagement -With 'l thevslots 5122; `the -pavvls lI'-2l| will be cushioned `loytheluid couplingWhich-will absorb vany shock occurring in the enga-gement and will*falso "reduce to a Vminimum, vibration and noise. f lThe Apawl'clutch'fF Will'remain `engaged-and the v vehicle vhe idrivennin directdrive i until the speed of thepavvl 4carrier i45 `fa11s below-apredetermined R: '.P. for i-instanee, v'between `500 to. 625:R;-P. M.'corresponding nto `a"vfehicle speed 4o floetween 410.5,to12."75"M.;P.H. in direct drive Awhereupon "the V springs 13| :Will effect a releaseof .the -pavvls andhence :a: release ofthe direct .'drive.V `Uponrelease of'ithe 4paw'ls'direct .drive throug'htheshellt ceases and thefree- Wheeliunitli will simultaneously and automatically re-establishfreewheel second speed drive through the transmission .It'lis `tobenoted 'that `atfthe engine speed at .Which'jthe pawls release .lor-..begin',relea'sing. a .substantial n-o-slip condition prevails invthe' fluid coupling-.drive and hence verylittle .drag .torque is.imposed upon the pawls v|120 .to .prevent their. disengagement.Moreover, v the .n springs .131.. `are .strong enough to overcome .thecoast,.torquaimpressed upon y.the pawls at slowrvehicle .,speeds. v :.Inview of @this `automatic operation vi-t is possible, .for vexample. Yforv,the y,driver tol slowl down'rv the vehicle Ain approaching altra-flic.signal fand yto iobrtain an automatic downshiit from-direct drive.to'the freewheel secon-d .drive .ratio inthe -proc--esaiallrwithout-releasing the clutchzE. ,While :standing fat theitraflic signa- 1, :the :driver .may :allow fthetransn1i'ssion.to:remain fin freewheel fseconddrive ratio Withoutgan-y. fcreepi of theve- .hicle occurring `:inasmuch as vat .this time -the :engine idlespeed -is-preferably insufficient-to :develop torque enough to overcomethe l drag .load O the 4vehicle on the g runner fof the. Iiu'idcoupling. NTI-henA the A traiic :signal changes, the driver needmerelydepress the accelerator pedal to f accelerate the fzerlgine andthe vehicle will fagain -move y forward in freewheel second -drivefratio@ after vvhich `an automatic iupshift,A under driver control.;mevr-be accomplished: When `Vthe fnecessaryvehicle speed -isz attained.

Y '.Ityisysometimes desirable,v for instancauwhen coastingnownfa:hilljlinedirect drive lor {freevvheel second, to obtainpengine'braking.` This #may` bel-effected by Athe ffdriver 4releasingftheclutch Eendshifting '.the clutch sleeve: 68V rearwardly-itcdisengagesleeveteethfieoxfanmhub .teeth vr33 jand :engage Ithe sleeve:teeth IUS/with the gear teeth 68 after passing :through-ffbl'ockerteeth :93. ','Engagementziof teeth I-.BSwWith-teeth'irectidriveg'speed:ratioftoibe:establishedhemerely 66 and:engagement-tof clutch establishing@ the engine.

the shaft I2 through shaft 30, pinion 44, gear 50, ypinion 56, gear 62,teeth 66 and |06, sleeve v68 and hub 8l'. This is an overspeed ydrive toIn making this d-ownshift, if the l pawls |20 are engaged' in directdrive, the re- Vlease of Aclutch E -relieves the driving torque be-,tween the paWls |20 and the shell slots |22 and the pawls |20 iare thenfree to be retracted by the springs |3| prior to completion of therearward shift of sleeve 68. Release of clutch E also reduces the speedof rotation of the pawl Vcarrier 45 so that ordinarily there isinsufficient Vcentrifugal force to urge the p'awls outwardly against theretractive force exerted bythe springs |3|. Under these conditions whenthe main clutch E is again engaged engine braking will be obtainedthrough the second speed two-way drive gear train comprising Should thepawls |20 not disengage during the rear- `Ward. .shift of sleeve 68 theresult will still be the Isame since the `pinion 44 will be driven bythe gear 62 in overspeed land consequently the clutch shell 80 whichcarries the inner race 69 of the freewheel device G will overrun withre- :spect to the gear 62.

Si "Shift .from two-way second speed drive to free- 'wheeling secondspeed drive is obtained by d-eclutching the'clutch `E to relieve thedriving torque between the engaged teeth 66 and |06 -after 'which aforward shift of the -sleeve 66 willlv disengage these teeth and engagethe sleeve teeth 90 with' the hub teeth 83 yafter going tate at the samespeed.

VIf high torque multiplication is desired, for starting under adverseconditions, the shift sleeve 68, is left in neutral position and the lowspeed gear |I is shifted forwardly 'to engage the low'speed'pinion 58.Thereafter upon de- Y pression of the accelerator the vehicle will bedriven through the shaft 36, pinion 44, gear 50,

'pinion 58, -gear ||0 'and shaft |2 in the 4low speed ratio.

Reverse Idrive is made available by shifting 1 the combination low speedand reverse gear ||0 l'rearwardly to engage the idler gear H2 to therebyestablish reverse drive through the shaft 36,

pinion 44, gear 50, pinion 60, idler gear ||`2, gear ||0, and shaft I2.

It will be understood that adequate means are provided for locking theshift sleeve 68 in neutral when making any shift of the gear ||0 andconversely the gear I0 is locked in a, neutral position when shift ismade of the sleeve 68.

From the above description it will be seen that I have provided a novelclutch construction for a transmission having an automaticspeed-controlled upshift and downshift between'a starting speedand adirect drive cruising speed which transmission is relatively simple inconstruction and operation'and capable of economical production. f It.will beunderstood that although-the particular "arrangement disclosedherein is lwell adaptedlforcarrying. out'the' objects of 'my in-.two-way second speed drive from the engine to Ivention,variousmodifications, changes and substitutions may be made Without departingfrom the spirit thereoff The present invention is, therefore, to beconstrued to include all such modifications, changes, and substitutionsas may come within the scope of my invention as set forth in theappended claims.

I claim:

1. In a clutch control for synchronously connecting driving and drivenshafts, a rst clutch structure fixed to and adapted to be driven fromone of the shafts, a second clutch structure journaled on the othershaft, relatively movable elements carried by one of said clutchstructures to effect positive clutching engagement therebetween, a gearjournaled on said other shaft, means adapted to drive said gear, aone-Way drive, roller clutch directly drivingly connecting said gear andsaid second clutch structure comprising a pair of concentricallyarranged clutching members respectively fixed to said gear and saidsecond clutch member and clutch rollers mounted between saidclutchingmembers, adapted to transmit drive in one directionbetween-said gear and said second clutch member, and ashift sleevedrivingly mounted on said other shaft and adapted to be drivinglyengaged with said second clutch member when shifted to one axialposition and to be drivingly engage'dwith said gear when shifted to avsecond axial position, the shiftingK of said sleeve between the severalspecified axial positions being synchronously accomplished dueto thesimultaneous rotation of the gear and the second clutch member. 2. In aclutch control for synchronously ,connecting driving and driven shafts,a first centrifugal clutch member drivingly connected to one of saidshafts, a second centrifugal clutch member journaled on the other ofsaid shafts and adapted to be drivingly engaged with said firstcentrifugal clutch member after one of said shafts has attained apredetermined speed of rotation, said second centrifugal clutch memberhaving'an axially extending hub portion provided with peripheral camsurfaces, a gear journaled on and having-axially projecting portionsextending concentrically about the hub portion of said secondcentrifugal clutchv member, rollers mounted between the cam surfaces onthe hub portion ofthe second centrifugal clutch member and aconcentrically arranged axially extending flange portion of said gear toprovide a one-way drive connection between said gear and said secondcentrifugal clutch member, means arranged to rotatably drive said gear,and a sleeve clutch member drivingly mounted on the other of said shaftsand shiftable axially thereof, said sleeve clutchmember having portionsadapted to be drivingly engaged with said second centrifugal clutch hubportion when shifted to one axial position and portions adapted to bedrivingly engaged with the gear member when shifted to a second axialposition, the simultaneous rotation of the gear and second centrifugalclutch member due to the one-way drive connection therebetween providingmeans for obtaining synchronous shifting of said sleeve clutch member. I

3. A clutch construction adapted to drivingly connect a pair'ofrotatable driving and driven members for the transmission `ofai'pluralityof different drives comprising a rst, automaticallyoperable, clutchA device having a first clutch V- member drivinglymountedv on one of said driving and driven members and asecond" clutchmember, thatfisadapted to he `rdrivingly eng-aged ^with said' i-lrstclutchv member,V journaile'd onf the yotht'eriofsaid driving and dri-venmembers, said first and second clutch membersincluding drive meansadaptedto' be lactuated 'inf response to va 'predetermined speed 'oflone of lsaid-driving and driven members, a-secondj manuallyV operableclutch device drivingly mounted on the other of said driving` and'driven members said` second clutchVN devicefincluding a shift sleevehaving drivetransmitting means adapted to beidrivin'gly 'engaged-With?drive "transmitting means on said s'econd-"clutichl member; agearjournalled onfsarid havin'g drive transmitting meansadapted to be Adivinglyi-'engagedWith the I drive Y transmitting means on said secon'dfcltch'v device, al one-way, overrunni'ng;E drive transmitting mechanismpermanentlyffextendin'gfbetween said "gear andf's aid sec'n'd tclutchmember of-"said' first clutchl 'device' andarrangedto :producesimultaneous rotation either f'saidf gear Aor-fsaidfV second-'iclutch"member,

ceritmi-sineansselectivelyengagingffthe drivel transmittingnrea slfofsaidrsecondfciutchfdevice f witrrthe A(secciid';:'c1ut'cnfmember'ofthejnrstfcltf-h device nndavvitnlisaidgear; and-` drive transmittal@ 1meansl connected betweenfsaidrfdriving-member and said gear.

V4. -Afi.clutchreonstructi'onf adapted` 'to'V drivinglvconnectv'aipairfofrotatable; driving and driven members'ffor th'ertransmssion-lof "a: plurality 'of operablegsclntch device! havinga'rst' clutch Vmember drivingly mounted ons'aid drivingmem'ber'vandfiatsecondfciutchffmember; that lis adapted tobe1:drivin'glyt.engaged?withV said 'rstclutchmember,"journall`edf.cnfsai'd'. drivenini'ernber,r said -first and?. secondi clutch"imembers`ihavingf cooperating drive-ftransmitti'ngy ''meansfthat fareautomatically energized'ffor "the if transmission of drive. inresponseaftoa the isp'eedi'of -'one off said driving f and driven.'member-spa l second" manually' operable, clutch i device` including a'toothed i shift 1T sleeve drivingly mountedffon said-'drivenA1nernb`er," said second 'clutchmember fhavingitoothedishift sleeveengageabler'meansf adapted-T toV be drivinglyf en- I gagedewithflteethofshift sleeve @of 'saidf `second clutch: device;iai-gearjournall'edr Ionsaid driven member:fhavingfitoothed. shift lsleeve engageablemear-1s;adapted?y tor be"l drivingly-` engaged with Y teeth :ofithefishiftsleevef:of said-second clutch deviceg: af'oneewaydriveiftifan'smittingmechanism permanently extending; 'between said gearY and saidfsecond kclutch-lmeinb'er"oi'said fl'rst clutchdevice'finsuringsimultaneous rotationV ofthe 'gear and said-secondfclut'ch: member in. one'direction inboth fof s theP engagedpositions;of the Vshift i, sleeve,said-one-Way drive-transmittingmechanismnbeing-airranged to-fpermit said second clutchmemberrofffsaidrst clutch-device to overrun said gear in saidonerclfirection".ofrotation; and

- manually #operable controlmeans f for selectively Y drivinglyengagingthe shift sleeve'of saidlsecond.

clutch-device `fvvith' vthe second clutchmember fof thefiirstfclutch"device-Pand with said( gear;

5=.A\clutch construction adaptedto drivingly connect affpafir ofaxially. aligned, rotatableldriv- -ingfand driven shafts-fori thetransmission lofi a plurality of f different Jdrives-1 comprisingf. afirst,

shaft speed responsiva automatically :'operable, clutch device Shavingfa first clutchmember driving'ly" mounted fon saiddriving shaft 'and Aaisecori'idf`clutchll member; that is'-y adaptedfltoibe drivingly.engageable lwith'said:rstt'clutch member at aipredeterniined shaftspeed; journalled fon rsaid driven! rshaft'j a second,V manually"operable fclutch device f drivingly'fmounted on said "driven: shaft,

said" second' clutch `device including tan axially shiftablegftoothedfdrive transmitting sleeve, said second-@clutch member'of 4'said trsticlutc'h. .device Vhaving clutch.' teeth adapted Itoibeidrivingly'e'engaged with theitoothedv sleeve of; said:l secondI'clutch device, aiagearjournalledgon: saidadrivenshaft'rhaving'clutcnteeth adapted :toibe drivingly engaged withv the:toothed: sleeve :of-:said second clutelidevi'ce-,speedzz'synchroniz'ngblocker rings divingl'y ".connectedritor saidsecond '.-cltchdevice andr'interposed betweensaidishiftable sleeve. andl`both the clutchsteetlronisaid secondrclutclrmembeiland'the:,clutchete'eth' orrsaid "gear; an LoverruimingclutchnpermanentlyAextendingcbetween saidgear"andsaidfsecond*clutch Amember tof said "firstclutchdevice an'darrang'ed'rto produce'simul- Y taneous frotationzof`said-A` gear Jand'isaid second clutch member in one direction: Whenfsaid.sleeve is engagedwithfeither said second clutch member orsaid;.gear;rsaid overrunningfclutch beingar- `ranged tolperniit-saidsecondvclutclr member 2*of saidv first -clu'tchdevicejfto overrun'saidgear'in said` one direction' of. rotation; manually operable-controlmeansrfor` selectively` engaging fsaid secondi :clutch of the virstclutch' device-and: With saidz'gear; and driving: means :connectedlftozsaid driving-shaft 'and .tosaidi gear.y` Y

6. Afclutch construction 'adapted :to'rdrivingly connect .az pair.' of:rotatablef- 'drivingand' driven members :fon-thel transmission .off.a-:spluralityf of diierentdrives comprising a nrstpcentrifugalforceactuated, pawletypeyautomaticallyoperable, clutch' deviceV havingian pawlicarrying rst clutch member-drivingly mounted onsaid'l-rivingfmember and a pawl receivingsecond";clutclr memberrjourna'lled on; saidf driven-member; a second, manuallyoperable:clutch-:device drivinglymounted on i said.- driven imember;vsaid second clutch f device including an axially shiftable toothed*shift sleevei-said pawlreceivingfsecondclutch' member `includingfahubportionV Withclutch teeth adaptedtobe drivingly engaged with .the teethof ithe i shiftsleevecf said second:.clutchadevicefa gear journalled onsaid driven memberrhaving an axially extending-mangelportion'includingclutch teeth :adapted fto :be i-d-rivi-nglyengaged-With .the teeth of the shiftsleeyeof said ysecond-clutchdevice;,Speed.synchronizingblocker ringsI driving-ly connectedto saidsecond' clutch deviceand interposed between saidshiftable'sleeveandfboth. the clutch teeth on said :secondclutchmemberand the clutchteeth'on said gear; ankzoverrunning clutchdevicepermanently extending-between said for selectivelyengagingSaidishiftsleeveLofi the vsecond clutch 'device Lwith thefsecondiclutchmember of the iirst clutch device and with said gear.

7. A clutch construction adapted to drivingly connect a pair of axiallyaligned, rotatable, driving and driven members comprising a firstcentrifugal clutch member, including a radially movable pawl, drivinglyconnected to said driving member, a second centrifugal clutch member,including a pawl receiving slot, rotatably mounted on said driven memberby means of a hub portion, vclutch teeth carried by said hub portion,said second centrifugal clutch member being adapted to be engaged withsaid first centrifugal clutch member after said driving member attains apredetermined speed of rotation, a gear journalled on the hub portion ofsaid second centrifugal clutch member, said gear having an axiallyextending flange portion with clutch teeth thereon, an overrunningclutch positioned between said gear flange portion and the hub of saidsecond centrifugal clutch member arranged to continuously drivinglyconnect said gear with said second centrifugal clutch member forsimultaneous rotation in one direction while permitting said secondclutch member to overrun said gear in said one direction, and a shiftsleeve drivingly mounted on said driven member and shiftable axiallythereof, said sleeve having teeth thereon adapted to be engaged with theclutch teeth on the flange of said gear when said sleeve is shifted toone axial position, and also having teeth thereon adapted to be engagedwith the clutch teeth on the hub of. said second centrifugal clutchmember, when said sleeve is shifted to a different axial position, saidoverrunning clutch being arranged such thatsaid gear and secondcentrifugal clutch member are simultaneously and continuously rotatableby said driving member when said shift sleeve is in either of saidaforementioned axial positions.

8. A clutch construction adapted to drivingly connect a pair of axiallyaligned, rotatable, driving and driven members comprising a firstcentrifugal clutch member, including a radially movable pawl, drivinglyconnected to said driving member, a second centrifugal clutch member,including a pawl receiving slot, rotatably mounted on said driven memberby means of a hub portion, clutch teeth carried by said hub portion,said second centrifugal clutch member being adapted to be engaged withsaid first centrifugal clutch member after said driving member attains apredetermined speed of rotation, a gear journalled on said drivenmember, said gear having an axially extending flange portion with clutchteeth thereon, an overrunning clutch positioned between said gear flangeportion and the hub of said second centrifugal clutch member arranged tocontinuously drivingly connect said gear with said second centrifugalclutch member for simultaneous rotation in one direction whilepermitting said second clutch member to overrun said gear in said onedirection, and a shift sleeve drivingly mounted on said driven memberand shiftable axially thereof, said sleeve having teeth thereon adaptedto be engaged with the clutch teeth on the flange of said gear when saidsleeve is shifted to one axial position, and also having teeth thereonadapted to be engaged with the clutch teeth on the hub of said secondcentrifugal clutch member, when said sleeve is shifted to a differentaxial position, and toothed, speed synchronizing blocker rings drivinglyconnected to said driven member and interposed between said shift sleeveand the clutch teeth on said second clutch member and the clutch teethon said gear iiange portion, said overrunning clutch being arranged suchthat said gear and second centrifugal clutch member are` simultaneouslyand continuously rotatable by said driving member when said shift sleeveis in either of said aforementioned axial positions.

9. A clutch construction adapted to drivingly connect a pair ofrotatable driving and driven members comprising a rst clutch deviceincludng a first clutch member drivingly connected to said drivingmember and a second clutch member, having centrifugal force actuateddrive transmitting means drivingly engageable with said first clutchmember, said second clutch member being journalled on said drivenmember, said second clutch member having an axially extending hubportion formed with a set of radially disposed clutch teeth and ablocker ring supporting surface adjacent thereto, a gear elementjournalled on the hub portion of said second clutch member, said gearelement having an axially extending iiange portion extendingconcentrically about a part of the hub portion of said second clutchmember, the gear element flange portion including a set of radiallydisposed clutch teeth and ablocker ring supporting surface adjacentthereto, a one-way clutch drivingly connected between the concentricallyarranged gear flange and hub portion of the second clutch member, asecond clutch device drivingly connected to said driven member includingan axially shiftable, toothed, sleeve adapted to be selectively engagedwith the clutch teeth on the second clutch member of the first clutchdevice and with the clutch teeth on the gear element, and speedsynchronizing toothed, blocker ring elements drivingly connected to saiddriven member through said second clutch device, said blocker ringelements being mounted on said blocker ring supporting surfaces andinterposed between said shift sleeve and each of said sets of radiallydisposed clutch teeth, said one-way clutch providing for simultaneousand continuous rotation of the gear and the second clutch member whenthe toothed sleeve is engaged with either of the said sets of radiallydisposed clutch teeth.

WILLIAM T. DUNN.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS

